Internal-combustion engine.



H. KNUDSEN. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED FEB. 27, 1911.

Patented Octe 15, 1912.

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H. KNUDSBNs INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 27, 1911. 1,041,303, Patented Oct. 15, 1912.

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H. KNUDSBN.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE,

APPLIUATIN P ILED FEB. 27, 1911.

Patented Oct. 15, 1912.

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V specification.

HANS KNUDSEN, or' LONDON, ENGLAND.

erica INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ct. 1 5, i912.

i Application iled'ebruary 27, '1911. Serial No. Se?.

`. inder head .that opens directly into the engine cylinder and is formed with 'inlet and exhaustcha-rnbers which .encircle the eX- terior of the exhaust valve and .terminate in apertures for the passage of the pressure duid 'to and from the engine cylinder.

In engines of this class it has been custom-- ary to lopen and closeqthe valves by eX- ternally arrangedrlevers.extending to'one side of the engine and actuated directly from one or more cams on'a 'sha-ft situated in proximity to the cylinder head, 'or to the crank shaft. l

The present invent-ion has for, itsV chiefobject to simplify the construction of an.

engine of this class, to increase the accessibility' of the Working parts, to facilitate their removal and replacement, and to improve the Vappearance of the engine by ar- 'ranging the vario-us parts in a symmetrical and compact manner which renders their Vinclosure a comparatively simple matter.

According to this invention the levers for operating the inlet and exhaust valves are inclosed Within a detachable cover situated in anextensionxthe cylinder head, anda preferred arran ement comprises two crossed levers pivoted to opposite 'sides of the cover and provided at their free ends with rubbing or rolling surfaces situated in the path oit a cam that is mounted upon a shaft supported between the aforesaid cover and extension 'of `the cylinder head,- the, aforesaid levers being provided with projections or tappets which rest upon the valves and operate rst one and then the other for each revolution of the cam.

1When the invention is applied to a mult-icylinder 'internal combustion engine, the

cam shaft for actuating the valves is, as has previous'y been proposed, made in sections detachably connected together, but in this cas the adjacent ends of the sections are preferably serrated and engage With corresponding serrations formed in a detachable couplingring. The removal of thecylinder's is provided 'for by clamping the tachable pipes Which constitutea part of the Water circulating system.A This is effected by means of 4bolts secured to such parts and connected together by right and left hand nuts.` The main inlet and exhaust pipes are secured to their respective cylinders in a similar manne-r, that is to say by bolts passing between each cylinder and connected tol gether by a right and left hand nut.

In order that my said invention may be,

clearly understood and readily carried into eect, l will describe the same more fully withl reference to the accompanying drawings, in Which:-.

Figure 1 is a frontelevation and Fig'. 2 a

ot the cam shaft when the same is constructed in sections. Y

A represents the engine cylinder, B the cylinder head, C the inlet'valve land D the exhaust valve, E 4the cam for actuating the valves, F the detachable pipes which constitute a part of the Water circulating sys tem, G the crank chamber, Hthe main inlet pipe and' H the main exhaust pipe.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 3 and 4, the inlet valve C is shown as a mush room valve having its stem c 'slidably mounted in guides cl :Z forming part ofthe exhaust valve D, the vguide rl constituting a cover which seals the outer end of such valve. The inner end of the latter constin tutes a seat for the inlet valve C `which is 'normally retained thereon by a spring c.

'flange cl2 which `normally retained by a spring upon a seat a formed on the outer same between the crank chamber and de.-

end of the cylinder A, suitable packingrings being interposed between the valve D-and the inner part et -the'cylinder head to form a pressure tight joint between such parts. Extending through the tubular wall of the exhaust valve D, are a number of apertures- (Zjwhich provide a communication between the inlet valve C and an inlet chamber b formed in the cylinder' head. This .chamb'er is4 separated from* an exhaust chamber b by means of a diaphragi'n'b2 and'both these chambers extend completely aroundmthe wall of the exhaust valve so that the portions ofthe latter which are di- I rectly exposed -to the cooling influence of the combustible mixture and tol the heating influence of the exhaustgases are ,uniformly acted upon. The chambers I), b terminate in apertures ha b* which are arranged drectly o posite to each other and communicate Witt the inlet and exhaust pipes respectively.

The cam E' of the valve actuating mechanism is formed upon a shaft e that is supported in bearings c interposed between a tubular extension t ot vthe cylinder head and a detachable cover Z1 which is bolted. or otherwise secured to such extension. Pivoted within this cover are two levers e2 ci i levers facilitates the action of the cam in 'overcoming' the resistance offered by the valves to their opening movements. The cylinder and cylinder head are surrounded as usual by a water jacket f' which exerts .a uniform cooling influence around the inlet and exhaust valves ovvingto such 'valves being placed in a central position relatively to the Water jacket.

When the inlet valve is opened' during.

the suction period of the cycle bythe lifting portion of the camengaging with the rollers et on the levei` e2, the .combustible y mixture is drawn: into the engine-cylinder through the openings d5 in the tubular eX- haust valve, and as thesa-id mixture'passessuch valve it exerts throughthe interior of f During the a 'cooling iniuence thereon.

compression and ignition. periods oi? the cycle, theinlet valve VC is retained closed in the 'usual manner-by the-'spring c. lNVh'en the/ lifting port/ion of the cam comes intocontact with the roller es on the lever es, the exhaust valve isfopen'ed and the productsv of combustion pass out of the engine cylinder during the exhaust period of the cycle.

Then the invention is applied to a multicylinder internal combustion engine, the

cam lshaft e Lor actuating the valves is made in sections connected together by couplings e to permit of the removal of any of the detachable'covers Zrs with the valve ac- A tuating mechanisnnor the removal of any of the cylinders Vwith its valves and the replacement thereof by corresponding parts. Any'suitable form of coupling may be employed for connecting the adjacent ends of the cam shaft sections together. For eX- ample in the arrangement shown in'Figs. 5 and G, the coup ing comprises a hinged ring 01 serrated round its inner peripheral portion to engage with corresponding serrations e -formed upon the peripheral portions of the disks el: fixed on the adjacent ends of each cam shaft section.

The removal of the cylinders is conveniently provided for by 4clamping the same between the vcrank chamber G and the d etachable pipes F which constitute a part of the water circulating system. In lthe example shown in Figs. l and 3each`of the pipes F is clamped to itsrespective cylinder or cylinders by a bolt j" which is fixed to each such pipeand extends along the cylinder into proximity to a bolt g linedV to the crank case G, the adjacent ends of such bolts being formed with right and left hand threads to receive a similarly threaded nut f2 by means of which the clamping process'is effected. The main inlet and eX- haust pipe H H are shown connected to their respective cylinders in a similar manner, that is to say by bolts z h secured to 'their respective pipes and connected together by right and lett hand nuts 7a2, the bolts t passing through eyes f3 formed in the bolts f.

1t is to be understood that the invention is ont intended to be limited to the precise details of construction described as `these may' be varied according to circumstances Without departing. from the nature of the invention.

Aihat 1 claim and desire to seciireiby vLetf :ters Patent of the United States is s 1. 1n -an internal combustion engine provided With concentric' inlet and exhaust valves .arranged coax'ially with the engine cylinder in a. cylinderhead that opens directly into the cylinder, acylindrical coaxial'extension onthe cylinder, -a detachable cover fittingjin the extension, a cam shaft, section mounted in bearings between the Zoover .and the extension, and valve operating levers mounted-'infthe coy'i'er and removable therewith-Qv .'Q

2.11n an internal combustion' engineprovided with concentric`vinlet and enhaustvalves arranged coaxially withV the engine cylinder in a cylinder headthatopens directly into the cylinder, va detachable cover situated coaXially with the engine cylinder,

two crossed valve operating levers inclosed "within the coverA andfpivoted to opposite sldesthereof, a cam acting .upon the lfree "ends of'the levers, and bearing pieces for the valves situated between the free and pivoted endsof the levers.

3. In aninternal combustion engine provided with concentric inlet `and exhaust "valves-- arranged coaxially with the engine vl` cylinder in a cylinder head that opens di- ,-Ieotly into the cylinder, a detachable cover vsituated'4 co'aXially with lthe engine cylinder, vtyvocrossed levers inclosed within the cover vlanlfpivoted to opposite sides thereof, the 5 ,freer ends of the saidv levers being provided A 1 with rolling surfaces, a shaft rotatably mounted inbearings formed between the detachable cover and the cylinder head and a `cam mounted upon such shaft in the path,

fof the aforesaid'rolling surfaces.

'14,.' In an .internal combustion engine pro- -vided ,fwithconcentric inlet and44 exhaust .valves arranged coaXially with the engine cylinder in a cylinder headv that opens di- 'rectly into the cylinder, 'detachable cover, situated `coaxially with the engine cylinder,

two crossed levers inclosed within the cover and pivoted' to opposite sides thereof', a pro#y l jection On'ea-ch leverarrangedito rest upon :one of the concentric valves,.a4 roller mount- `ed -on the free end of each lever, a shaftv rotatably lmounted in bearings formed'be- Copies of this patent may be obtained for tween thel detachable cover and the cylinder head and a cam mounted upon such shaft in the pat-h of the aforesaid rollers.

In an internal combustion engine provided" with concentric -inletand exhaustl valves arranged coaxally with the engine cylinder in 'a cylinder head that-opens directly into the cylinder, a detachable cover situated coaxially with the engine cylinder, a cam shaft section rotatably mounted in bearings formed; between -the detachable cover'; and the cylinder head, serrations` formed on the ends of the cam 'shaft section 'and a coupling ring formed with' cor respondingserrations. ,i 6. Inaninternal combustion engine prolvided with concentric inlet andexhaust valves. arranged' c'oaXially with the engine cylinder in a cylinderfhead thatopens directlyinto Athe cylinderfa detachable cover situated co'am'ally withl the engine cylinder,

a plurality'of such cylinders, sectional cam shafts. rotatably mounted in bearings between the detachable covers-andthe cylinder lhea'ds,serrations formed on theends of the cam shaft sections and-coupling rings adapted to engage the said serrations.

ve centseach, byaddressing the gf Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C. 

